在環保技術領域，生物脫硫工藝憑借其綠色、經濟的特性，逐漸成為工業廢氣治理的主流方案。作為該工藝的核心要素，脫硫菌種的活性狀態與系統穩定性息息相關。菌種是否需要定期更換或補充，以及如何確定補給周期，是保障脫硫效率的關鍵問題。

　　In the field of environmental protection technology, biological desulfurization process has gradually become the mainstream solution for industrial waste gas treatment due to its green and economical characteristics. As the core element of this process, the activity state of desulfurization bacteria is closely related to system stability. Whether the bacterial strains need to be replaced or replenished regularly, and how to determine the supply cycle, are key issues to ensure desulfurization efficiency.

　　生物脫硫菌種通過代謝活動將硫化物轉化為單質硫或硫酸鹽，其活性直接決定反應速率與轉化效率。在連續運行過程中，菌種會面臨多重挑戰：廢氣中的硫化氫濃度波動可能超出菌種耐受范圍，導致部分菌體失活；重金屬離子、有機溶劑等有毒物質會破壞細胞結構，引發菌群衰退；溫度、pH值等環境參數偏離適宜區間時，酶活性受到抑制，代謝速率下降。這些因素共同作用，使菌種活性呈現動態衰減趨勢。

　　Biological desulfurization bacteria convert sulfides into elemental sulfur or sulfate through metabolic activities, and their activity directly determines the reaction rate and conversion efficiency. During continuous operation, bacterial strains will face multiple challenges: fluctuations in hydrogen sulfide concentration in exhaust gas may exceed the strain's tolerance range, leading to partial bacterial inactivation; Toxic substances such as heavy metal ions and organic solvents can damage cell structure and cause bacterial decline; When environmental parameters such as temperature and pH deviate from the appropriate range, enzyme activity is inhibited and metabolic rate decreases. These factors work together to cause a dynamic decline in bacterial activity.

　　菌種補充的必要性源于微生物群落的自然演替規律。在長期運行中，優勢菌種可能因環境壓力被其他菌屬替代，導致脫硫專一性減弱。同時，菌體自然死亡形成的生物膜脫落，會降低反應器內的生物量。當出氣硫化氫濃度突破預警閾值，或壓差傳感器顯示填料層堵塞加劇時，表明菌種活性已不足以維持系統效能。此時需通過鏡檢觀察菌體形態，結合活性檢測數據，判斷是否需要啟動菌種補給程序。

　　The necessity of supplementing bacterial strains stems from the natural succession laws of microbial communities. In long-term operation, dominant bacterial strains may be replaced by other bacterial genera due to environmental pressure, leading to a decrease in desulfurization specificity. At the same time, the shedding of biofilm formed by the natural death of bacterial cells will reduce the biomass inside the reactor. When the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the exhaust gas exceeds the warning threshold, or when the pressure difference sensor shows that the blockage of the packing layer is worsening, it indicates that the bacterial activity is no longer sufficient to maintain system efficiency. At this point, it is necessary to observe the morphology of the bacterial cells through microscopic examination, combined with activity detection data, to determine whether the strain supply program needs to be initiated.

　　補給周期的確定需建立動態監測體系。實時監測進出口硫化物濃度，計算脫硫效率衰減率，當效率下降超過15%時觸發評估機制。定期采集生物膜樣本，通過平板計數法測定活菌濃度，結合ATP生物發光法評估代謝活性。對于高負荷工況，建議每3-6個月進行全面菌群分析，采用高通量測序技術檢測菌種多樣性指數，當優勢菌屬相對豐度低于30%時，需制定針對性補給方案。

　　The determination of supply cycle requires the establishment of a dynamic monitoring system. Real time monitoring of import and export sulfide concentration, calculation of desulfurization efficiency attenuation rate, triggering evaluation mechanism when efficiency drops by more than 15%. Regularly collect biofilm samples, measure the concentration of viable bacteria using plate counting method, and evaluate metabolic activity using ATP bioluminescence assay. For high load conditions, it is recommended to conduct a comprehensive microbiota analysis every 3-6 months and use high-throughput sequencing technology to detect the diversity index of bacterial strains. When the relative abundance of dominant bacterial genera is less than 30%, a targeted supply plan needs to be developed.

　　菌種補給策略包含活性復蘇與定向強化兩種模式。對于因環境波動導致的暫時性失活，可通過投加營養劑、調節pH值等方式恢復菌種代謝能力。當菌群結構發生根本性改變時，需引入脫硫菌劑進行定向強化。補給量應根據反應器容積、菌種濃度衰減幅度確定，通常按生物膜量的5%-10%進行補充，采用多點投加方式確保分布均勻。

　　The strain supply strategy includes two modes: active recovery and targeted reinforcement. For temporary inactivation caused by environmental fluctuations, the metabolic ability of bacterial strains can be restored by adding nutrients, adjusting pH values, and other methods. When the structure of the microbial community undergoes fundamental changes, it is necessary to introduce desulfurizing agents for targeted reinforcement. The supply amount should be determined based on the reactor volume and the attenuation amplitude of bacterial concentration. It is usually supplemented by 5% -10% of the biofilm amount, and a multi-point feeding method is used to ensure uniform distribution.

　　生物脫硫系統的穩定運行，依賴于對菌種活性的精準把控。通過建立包含過程參數監測、菌群結構分析、活性檢測在內的綜合評估體系，可科學制定菌種補給周期與策略。這種動態管理方式，既能避免過度補給造成的成本浪費，又能防止菌種衰退引發的系統崩潰，為工業廢氣生物治理提供可持續的技術保障。

　　The stable operation of biological desulfurization systems relies on precise control of bacterial activity. By establishing a comprehensive evaluation system that includes process parameter monitoring, microbial community structure analysis, and activity detection, it is possible to scientifically formulate the supply cycle and strategy of bacterial strains. This dynamic management approach can not only avoid cost waste caused by excessive supply, but also prevent system collapse caused by bacterial decline, providing sustainable technical support for the biological treatment of industrial waste gas.

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